Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
"We need indictments. We need perp walks and orange jump suits. We need trials both in the United States and at the International Criminal Court" - this we owe to Guatemala. Arnold J Oliver, 180604.
ICC, forhandlingerne herom, USAs forhold til ICC og reglerne behandles i SANDS, kap 3. Der blev givet en del indrømmelser for at få USA med - og så sprang de i slutrunden - og desværre undlod man at slette indrømmelserne, bl.a. at domstolen ikke har jurisdiktion over forbrydelsen "aggression" og at Sikkerhedsrådet kan blokere en sags behandling ! SANDS, p. 61 gør dog opmærksom på en væsentlig bestemmelse: "the Court has jurisdiction not only over nationals of party countries, but also over any person who commits an international crime on the territory of a state party." Det er Sands synspunkt (p. 212), at hvis en person fra et ikke ICC land begår en krigsforbrydelse eller en forbrydelse mod menneskeheden på en ICCstats territorium, så kan vedkommende retsforfølges ved ICC.
"The central purpose of the court, which impose individual criminal responsibility for war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity, must be a cause of worry for any imperial power. The court does not permit soldiers responsible for these offences to hide behind the protection of their armed services or states. Any soldier, or combatant, who commits these atrocities, even under the direction of his superior, is personally and individually culpable for them.The purpose of the court is to make individual soldiers - boots as they call them in the US - fighting machines with a conscience. In other words, the prosecution of war must be governed by clearly defined rules and limits - dos and don'ts - or it becomes an international crime.
This means that the rape of women and the pillage and killing of civilians, or the mistreatment of prisoners of war, are not permitted. But war is a dirty game, and it is virtually certain that troops cannot avoid committing these atrocoties. Reports by human rights groups indicate that American and coalition forces have committed some of these atrocities in Afghanistan and Iraq. Under the court treaty, American troops could be prosecuted for such abominations. It is this fear - and it alone - that drove the Clinton Administration to oppose the court. The Clinton Administration only signed - but did not ratify - the court treaty after it won concessions that would make it somewhat difficult for US troops to be prosecuted." (Makau Mutua, professor of Law, SUNn, Buffalo, Chair of Kenya Human Rights Commission om http://allafrica.com/ 110104).
"But it is not only the USA that is to blame for the[..] bilateral impunity agreements. There would be no wolves if there were no sheep. Countries that capitulate and accept impunity agreements cannot escape responsibility. Nor should they prostitute their sovereignty and national pride. Kenya must totally reject such an agreement. It is illegal under international law for a state that ratifies the court treaty to sign any agreement that provides immunity from court prosecution with a state that has repudiated or has refused to sign or ratify the court treaty.
According to article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, states that have signed or ratified a treaty are "obliged to refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purpose" of the treaty. It is an established principle of international law that a state cannot accept a treaty and then attack its guts." (Makau Mutua, loc. cit.)
September 2004, ser det endelig ud til, at verden er ved at være træt af det amerikanske hykleri. UNGA vedtager en aftale med ICC mod USA - dog desværre med den tilføjelse, at FN skal have godtgørelse for sine udgifter til hjælp til ICC fra de nationer, der støtter ICC. Så helt voksen er verden endnu ikke.
Der mangler i høj grad "lighed for loven" - et meget vigtigt demokratisk princip. Mladic bringes for retten, Anders Fog Rasmussen, Obama, Sarkozy ikke. Ganske vist kan ICC ikke pådømme "aggression", selvom det er "den værste krigsforbrydelse, fordi den indeholder alle de andre" (USAs hovedanklager i Nürnberg-domstolen), jeg ved ikke om ICC har kompetence til at pådømme overskridelser af Sikkerhedsrådsresolutioner, - MEN bombningen af Tripoli (Se Cynthia McKinneys beskrivelse) er (som, de heller ikke pådømte bombninger af Dresden) en klar krigsforbrydelse. Undskyldningen med at kalde Ghadafis bolig (og slå et barn og nogen børmebørn ihjel) et militært mål, er åbenbart urimelig.
260511, ALJAZEERA, Mladic in Belgrade court after arrest. ... Mladic's lawyer said the judge cut short the questioning because the suspect's "poor physical state" left him unable to communicate. ... But Mladic's lawyer said Mladic asserted that he would not answer to the authority of the UN war-crimes tribunal. [ICTY, som er endnu mindre uafhængigt end ICC] ... "All criminals must face justice," he said. [Den serbiske præsident - og det er jo ikke svært at være enig i !! Men min forudsigelse er, at Mladic, som Milosevic, dør i fængslet i den Haag - uden at have fået en retssag. Det ville ellers være fint med en retfærdig bedømmelse af eventuelle beviser. Der er meget uafklaret omkring krigsforbryder Clintons krig mod Serbien (aggression - uden for ICCs kompetence !!). Omkring UCKs og Hacim Thacis forbrydelser. Omkring Srebrenica. Uanset, hvad Mladic måtte have ansvaret for, var han jo en, der forsvarede sit land mod aggression. Og imperiet ønsker nok ikke en offentlig retssag omkring det. I ICC og i ICTY, som i FN savner vi en Hammarskjöld. OJ] ... Anders Fogh Rasmussen, the NATO secretary-general, said the arrest "finally offers a chance for justice to be done". Mladic was indicted in 1995 over the Srebrenica massacre of 8,000 Muslim men and boys, and the 43-month siege of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, in which around 10,000 people died. ... His arrest has been seen as a precondition of Serbia joining the European Union. ... Prosecutors at The Hague have said they believed Mladic was hiding in Serbia under the protection of people who consider him a hero. He was last seen in Belgrade in 2006 but had lived openly in the country prior to the fall of Slobodan Milosevic in 2000. ... In a message from his jail cell, Karadzic regretted the arrest of Mladic. "President Karadzic is sorry for General Mladic's loss of freedom and he looks forward to working with him to bring out the truth about what happened in Bosnia," Karadzic's American lawyer, Peter Robinson, told The Associated Press shortly after visiting Karadzic. [Hvad i alverden vil Serbien i EU - Den serbiske regering burde snakke lidt med grækerne om den sag, OJ]
Amnesty International: "US threats to the International Criminal Court".
Harvard law professors urge Congress to review interrogation policy and hold executive branch accountable, 160604.
Center for Economic and Social Rights has made the report "US violations of Occupation Law in Iraq", 100604.
280604, Iyad Akmush Kanum, blev ikke frigivet i Iraqs Central Criminal Court, selvom retten frikendte ham i anklagen for mordforsøg på koalitionstropper. I h.t. Genevekonventionerne, skal krigsfanger frigives ved krigens formelle afslutning. Kun en kriminel anklage efter lokal (iraqisk) ret kan retfærdiggøre indespærring - og den forsvandt jo med kendelsen. Det er samme ret, som har udstedt arrestordre mod al Sadr og Karim Mohammedawi. En af anklagerne ved retten er Maher Soliman, ægyptisk født US advokat med fortid dom forhørsleder i Abu Ghraib. Der er visse mangler i de amerikanske myndigheders retsopfattelse.
291194, USAs kongres vil indføje en passus i finansloven, der forbyder økonomisk hjælp til lande, der ikke har undertegnet en "bilateral immunitets overenskomst", hvori de lover ikke at udlevere amerikanere til ICC.
020405, Reuters. Så blev amerikanerne nødt til at acceptere, at FNs sikkerhedsråd henviser krigsforbrydelser begået i Darfur, Sudan til ICC. Desværre efter at man var så imødekommende at undtage amerikanere !!
040405, Athens News, Ohio. US threatens Bolivia in effort to secure criminal court immunity. USA, China, Iraq, Libya and 3 more were the only ones to vote against the Rome Treaty. Bolivia has a judge in ICC. In spite of pressure Bolivia seems not to give in.
230605, Narcosphere. Ecuadors præsident Palacio vil ikke give amerikanske soldater immunitet. Den amerikanske ambassadør siger, at det skal han og soldaterne på Mantabasen har allerede diplomatisk immunitet.
220705, The Guardian. Robin Cook må slå fast overfor pressen, regeringen og hæren, at selvom det ikke er politisk korrekt at holde soldater ansvarlige for ulovligheder - så er det nødvendigt !! Og det at tæve en ubevæbnet fange ihjel er og må være forbudt. Han understreger, at han forstår soldaternes frustration, for det moralske ansvar går helt op til dem, der valgte at gå i krig.
311005, IPS. Mexico tilsluttede sig 28.okt. ICC som nation nr. 100 ! Trods en trussel fra USA, om at man vil skære 11.5 millioner USD fra hjælpeprogrammer (40 % af den samlede hjælp fra USA), så fastholder Mexico sit nej til at give en artikel 98 undtagelse til USA. Det samme har Ecuador gjort. [Det er da dejligt, at der er lande, der ikke er til salg]. 53 andre lande har nægtet at underskrive den slags aftaler med USA. David D Cattin fra Parlamentarikere for Global Handling siger: "The principled position of Mexico's parliament and government may inspire other countries to resist pressures, or to ratify without a bilateral agreement, the fact that 100 states parties agreed to the binding legal regime of the ICC statute makes each of the them stronger vis-à-vis external pressure."
010107, Global Research, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, The Barbaric Lynching of President Saddam Hussein, "On the Holy day of Eid, the world watched in horror at the barbaric lynching of President Saddam Hussein of Iraq, allegedly for crimes against humanity. This public murder was sanctioned by the War Criminals, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair...The entire trial process was a mockery of justice, no less a Kangaroo Court. Defence counsels were brutally murdered, witnesses threatened and judges removed for being impartial and replaced by puppet judges... The inaction thus far by the International Criminal Court against Bush, Blair and Howard exposes the double standard of the said Court, when it does not hesitate to prosecute war crimes committed in Dalfur, Rwanda and Kosovo."
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