Se også USA imperialismen, økonomisk imperialisme.
New Partnership for Africa's Development, NEPAD
l'Union du Maghreb arabe (UMA)
l'Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine (UEMOA)
l'Organisation pour l'harmonisation en Afrique du droit des affaires (OHADA)
Maputo erklæringen fra det 4. topmøde for stats- og regeringschefer i ACP-landene.
Netop nu handler meget om olie. Det betyder, at der fra vestlige olieselskaber kanaliseres store summer i hemmelige betalinger til korrupte regeringsfolk alle de steder på kontinentet, hvor der er er formodes at være olie. Pengene går enten direkte i regerende eliters lommer, til militæret eller til store prestigeprojekter uden væsentlig nytte for den sultende befolkning - "hvide elefanter" - som præsident Mois vej til farmen ved Baringosøen.
Et af de værste eksempler er naturligvis Nigeria. Nigeria har haft en olieindtægt over de sidste 25 år på over 300 milliarder USD, men per capita indkomsten ligger stadig under 1 USD/dag.
I Francafrique betyder det, at USA trænger sig ind på, hvad der traditionelt var fransk område [Men USA og Frankrig samarbejder også om at beskytte "nyttige" diktatorer, OJ], det beskriver Delphine Lecoutre & Admore Mupoki Kambudzi i en artikel i Monde Diplomatique, Juin 2006, p. 6 - 7. Frankrigs udviklingsbistand er reduceret og oprørere mod fransktro diktatorer får oftere USA støtte. Udover olie er Francafrique rigt på mineraler.
Af hele verdens bruttonationalprodukt tegner mere end 50 afrikanske stater sig tilsammen kun for ca. 1,8 pct., i alt ca. 380 milliarder US$. Af disse 1,8 pct. går lige knap en fjerdedel på Sydafrikas konto, mere nøjagtigt ca. 23 pct. ....Sydafrikas BNP var med ca. 90 milliarder USS lidt mindre end Argentinas og Tyrkiets og ca. 30 milliarder US$ mindre end det danske. (Tal 1990 fra World Development Report 1992). (her fra Petersen, Jørgen E.: Det nye Sydafrika.)
100205, The Black Commentator. John Maxwell skriver bl.a. om olieselskabernes og andres fremfærd og overskud.
Gabon, Angola og Nigeria, de gamle olielande i Afrika kører ringere end mange afrikanske lande med ringere indkomster.
I Gabon har Elf Aquitaine udnyttet bestikkelsen til landets regering til en udstrakt pengevask gennem landets banker (Guardian, 170603).
Olielande er gennemgående karakteriserede ved autoritære styrer, Shahen af Iran, Abacha i Nigeria, Saud-styret.
Afrika har 8 % af verdens oliereserver, som forventes at give en indtægt på 200 milliarder USD gennem de næste 10 år (Guardian, 170603). De fleste nye felter findes i Guineabugten.
England har forsøgt med et Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), men gennemskueligheden er helt klart ikke helt klar nok. Man må ganske simpelt tvinge alle de rige landes råstofimporterende selskaber til fuld offentlighed om alle betalinger til 3.verdensregeringer, som det forlanges af bl.a. Global Witness (Guardian, 170603). Vi må naturligvis starte med os selv - A.P.Møller, DONG etc., men også forlange det af alle de andre, inkl. USA.
Problemet er, at nogen regeringer synes det er ok med den sag som konkurrenceparameter. F.eks. var BP ved at blive smidt ud af Angola for at afsløre, at man havde betalt regeringen 111 millioner USD i 2001 (Guardian, 170603), det undgås kun, hvis alle industrilande er med. Som sædvanlig er USA problemet. Og Cheney er i gang i Vestafrika (Guardian, 170603). Og der planlægges udsendelse af amerikanske styrker til støtte for den nigerianske regering (Guardian, 170603). Ligesom der er en genåbning af ambassaden i Equatorial Guinea på vej.
Verdensbanken støttede en olierørledning fra Chad til Cameroon. Pengene gik til våben, (fra Christian Science Monitor, 160804).
Mai 2005, Jean-Christophe Servant: " La Chine à l'assault du marché africain". I 2005 har Afrika haft sin bedste økonomiske vækst i 30 år, 5.8 %. Meget af væksten skyldes kinesiske investeringer.
080605, The Village Voice. Cape Towns ærkebiskop Njongonkulu Ndungane taler om Afrika og Bush og G8 gældseftergivningen: "That's white of You George". Lidt spredte citater: "Nogen spørger om hjælp til Afrika og det første han siger er, at han talt med sin hus-neger [fr. Rice] om det". Blair vil tromme 25 milliarder sammen, Bush bidrager med 674 millioner. "Når du tænker på at verden vil bruge næsten 1000 milliarder USD i år på våben - 4½ dags udgifter [til våben] rækker til at give almindelig folkeskoleundervisning til alle. Og verden ville blive et meget bedre sted. Når du har at pigerne går i skole så får de arbejde, de vil sikre, at der er mad på bordet. Læg mærke til, at jeg siger "pigerne". Kvinder får tingene til at ske."
110605, International Herald Tribune/New York Times. Et stigende antal militante islamister fra nordafrika og Afrika syd for Sahara deltager i modstandsbevægelsen i Iraq. 25 % af de fremmede kæmpere, der er fanget er afrikanere. USA udvider derfor et militært træningsprogram for 9 afrikanske lande. 100 millioner USD/år til lufthavnssikkerhed, kontrol med pengeoverførsler og bygning af skoler. Der er fælles øvelser med Mali, Chad, Mauritanien, Niger og Algeriet, senere kommer Senegal, Nigeria, Tunesien og Marokko med. 1000 amerikanere skal træne 3000 afrikanere.
200805, The Guardian. Richard Drayton. Vestens rigdom bygger på udnyttelse af Afrika. Behandler slavehandlen, afkoloniseringen - med bibeholdelse af klientforhold, drabet på Lumumba, sorte menneskers overdødelighed i Egland siden 1969.
Anne-Cecile Robert. "Mélange des genres" (våbensalg, Jean-Christophe Mitterrand, Elf, Charles Pasqua, Angola, lønforskelle mellem lokal og udstationeret arbejdskraft/Anne-Valérie Hoh et Barbara Vignaux. "L'Afrique n'est plus l'eldorado des entreprises francaises", (Monde Diplomatique, Février 2006)
140606, Asia Times, Jason Motlagh, US opens new war front in North Africa. "The Trans-Sahara Counter-Terrorism Initiative (TSCTl) startedes sidste år med et budget på 500 millioner USD over 5 år omfattende 9 Sahara nationer (Algerie, Mauritania, Somalia). Salafist Group for Call and Combat (Groupe Salafiste pour la Predication et le Combat, or GSPC) er hovedfjenden.
210607, N ENGL J MED 356:25, 2564, Pooja Kumar, M.D. Providing the Providers - Remedying Africans Shortage of Health Care Workers. Beskriver nogen af problemerne for en afrikansk læge. Det umulige i at sørge for familien og være læge på landet. - De gode tilbud fra udlandet omtales ikke. Der er 6 ugers ventetid på en CD4-tælling.
240607, tbo, U.S. Military Finds No Takers To Host North Africa Command. "Algeria an Libya separately ruled out hosting the Defense Department's planned Africa Command, known as AFRICOM...Rachid Tlemcani, a professor at the University of Algiers, said the stern response from North African governments was a reflection of public opposition to U.S. policies in the predominantly Muslim region."
250607, The Guardian, African states oppose US presence. "The Pentagon's plans to create a new US military command based in Africa have hit a wall of hostility from governments in the region reluctant to associate themselves publicly with the US "global war on terror"...The official added that the command's security focus would include suspected terrorist training camps in Mali and southern Algeria, the spread of Islamic fundamentalist ideas and violence in the Maghreb, northern Nigeria and the Horn of Africa, suspected uranium smuggling in the Sahel region - and addressing the political instability and economic deprivation that fed extremism. Energy supply is another factor sparking heightened US interest, notably in west Africa. Gulf of Guinea countries including Nigeria and Angola are projected to provide a quarter of US oil imports within a decade."
170909, Independent, Toxic shame: Thousands injured in African city. British trading giant agrees to pay millions to victims maimed and scarred by dumping of polluted sludge. Der er tale omen Google cache. Det kritiserede firma Trafigura har fået nedlagt forbud mod artiklen. Der er tale om dumpning af giftigt slam fra en olierensning i udkanten af Abidjan. Det er et ubehageligt godt eksempel på en anden udnyttelse af Afrika. Nemlig som losseplads !
Angola
oktober 1987, John Stockwell THE SECRET WARS OF THE CIA. Stockwell var CIA stationschef i Angola 1976, arbejdede 13 år i "firmaet". Har skrevet: : In Search of Enemies, W.W. Norton ,1978. Hans hovedbudskab er, at hele optrapningen skete på CIAs initiativ og at MPLA gerne ville samarbejde med USA.
jan. 2007, Monthly Review, William K. Tabb, "In Angola Joseph Savimbi, backed by foreign powers from the Cold war, amassed a reported $4 billion from diamonds, ivory, and other resources sold abroad in his decades of looting and brutality before he was killed. In Angola a million people died in the civil war, one child in five does not live to its fifth birthday, and 40 percent of Angola's population has been displaced. Almost none of the income from the state-owned oil company found its way to Angola but was instead diverted to overseas banks. It was the wholesale looting of Angola's oil revenues that fueled that country's vicious civil war."
Burkina Faso
Novembre 2006, Monde Diplomatique. (Anne Cecile Robert). Thomas Sankara, Afrikas bedste bud på en Chavez, blev myrdet i 1987, formentlig i forståelse med Frankrig.
Central African Republic
021206, Spero, French jets pound the Central African Republic. Civilians are fleeing to Sudan following French airstrikes on rebel positions in CAR; France refuses comment on collateral damage. Det går ud over Union des forces démocratiques pour le rassemblement (UFDR). Frankrig har lovet kun at levere logistik og udstyr til regeringshæren. Oprøret i CAR hænger sammen med det tilsvarende i Chad og begge har forbindelse til stridighederne i Darfur.
Novembre 2006, Monde Diplomatique. (Anne Cecile Robert). Militærkup i 2003, general Francois Bozize.
Chad
060606, Globalresearch. "U.S. Role in Darfur, Sudan Oil reserves rivaling those of Saudi Arabia ?" USA (og Frankrig) støtter militærdiktatoren Idriss Deby, som støtter oprørgrupperne i Sydsudan.
***
Monde Diplomatique, Juin 2006, p. 6 - 7 (2 artikler). Delphine Lecoutre & Admore Mupoki Kambudzi: Rwanda, Affaire ELF, Visas au Compte - Gouttes; Vers un divorce entre Paris et le continent africain ?
Philippe Leymarie: Ingérence à l'ancienne au Tchad.
Idriss Déby Itno blev præsident i november 1990 med støtte fra den franske udenrigssikkerhedstjeneste (DGSE). I april 2006 hjalp franske styrker ham med at afværge et væbnet kupforsøg fra Den Forenede Front For Forandring (der støttes fra Sudan). I 1980 hjalp Frankrig hans forgænger, Hissène Habré med at afsætte den daværende præsident Goukouni Oueddeï. I 1986 udstationeredes franske tropper - de står der vist endnu (1200 mand). Der er en militær samarbejdsaftale fra 1976 suppleret med protokoller af 1990 og 2002. Aftalerne giver egentlig ikke rum for at de franske styrker går i egentlig kamp. Der er en eskadrille Mirage m. fl. fly i Ndjamenas lufthavn. Den franske forsvarsminister begrundede støtten mod kuppet med stigende kinesisk indflydelse i Sudan og amerikansk i Chad. Der er flygtningelejre langs grænsen til Sudan og Sudan beskylder Chad for at støtte oprøret i Darfur. Sudan støttede oprøret i Chad. Fransk indflydelse er faldende, amerikansk og kinesisk stigende i hele Françafrique. Frankrigs indflydelse hæmmes af den negative infvandringspolitik, manglen på klare mål og den sædvanlige vestlige dobbeltmoral m.h.t. international ret.
091106, Al Jazira, Reports say 220 dead in Chad clashes. Rapporten er fra FNs flygtningehøjkommissærs talsmand. Angriberne var i militær battle dress og bevæbnet med rifler på hesteryg og med 2 pickups. Angrebene skete kun få km fra lejre for Darfur-flygtninge.
261106, Reuters, Chad rebel convoy moves towards capital. Den franske ambassade i Ndjamena har advaret franske borgere i landet herom. Frankrig har tropper i den tidligere koloni. (Ndjamena og Abeche). Præsident Deby beskylder Sudan for at stå bag. Der er 2 oprørsgrupper RAFD (General Mahamat Hassane Al-Inghaz) og Uhion of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD).
Congo
Ganser, Daniele: NATO'S SECRET ARMIES. Dulles authorised CIA assassination attempts on Castro and Lumumba. p. 59.
juli/august 2004, Zmag. Edward Herman. USA støttede tutsi i Rwanda, som siden dræbte mange i Congo.
100205, The Black Commentator. John Maxwell har en spøjs historie om kulturminister Christopher Muzungo og en statue af kong Leopold. Der er også lidt om udplyndringen af det rige land.
Conrad, Joseph, Heart of darkness, and other tales, har en beskrivelse af en hjuldamper-tur op ad Congo i 1890erne, med et citat fra kong Leopold.
240705, Reuters Alert Net. Medecins sans Frontiers meddeler at militser og lokale hærenheder under kontrol af lokale magtpersoner anvender våben mod civile i Katanga. Der er folk, der tjener penge på at opretholde et højt niveau af usikkerhed. Og det får ringe opmærksomhed.
050506, The Independent. Congo's tragedy: the war the world forgot. [Det var ikke hele Verden, der glemte den. Råvareopkøberne er helt klar over, at det er nu, de skal handle, OJ]. Det handler om coltan, diamanter, cassiterite og guld.
100906, The Times, Briton linked to Congo war crimes. Graham Pelham, fhv. fremmedlegionær nu landechef for Avient, et britisk flyselskab ledet af Andrew Smith, arbejdede som efterretningsmand for FN og afslørede at Avient havde kamphelikoptere og civile fly bygget om til bombefly, fløjet af Avients personale til støtte for Joseph Kabila.
151106, Guardian, Congo faces danger of new civil war as opposition rejects election result. Den katolske ærkebiskop siger, at der er tale om en vestlig sammensværgelse for at stjæle landets mineralrigdomme. Og det kan meget vel netop være sandt. Kabila er Vestens kandidat, se ovenfor. FNs "fredsbevarende" styrke har omringet oppositionskandidat Bembas hus - og desværre er der jo p.t. grund til at frygte, at FN fungerer som USAs forlængede arm. Og EU har også soldater der. Congo har aldrig haft grund til at føle sig beskyttet af FN - jeg tænker på Lumumba. Og Vestens støtte gennem mange år til Mobutu. Bembas helikopter og TVstation var sat ud af spillet i valgkampen !
271206, chron.com, Associated Press, EDDY ISANGO, Fighting re-erupts in eastern Congo. Laurent Nkunda battled government troops around the village of Jomba. Congo is home to the world's largest U.N. peacekeeping force. Congo har kobolt, diamanter, kobber og guld og andre mineraler - [så der er noget at slås om].
jan. 2007, Monthly Review, William K. Tabb, "In the Congo one of the resource richest countries on the planet, a half dozen countries have armies deployed and countless rebel groups have fought to control rich deposits of gold, diamonds, timber, copper, and valuable cobalt and coltan in what is often referred to as, "Africa's First World War."
150207, ICH, Stephen Lendman, UN Peacekeeping Paramilitarism. "UNAMIR in Rwanda was set up to help implement the Arusha Accords in 1993 to ease tensions, secure the capital, and monitor a ceasefire and security agreement prior to the outbreak of ethnic slaughter that began after CIA surface-to-air missiles shot down the aircraft carrying Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana and Burundi President Cyprien Ntaryamira in April, 1994. That "unfortunate" plane accident made way for US-trained Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) Major-General Paul Kagame to take power so Washington could use the country as a base to pursue its greater prize in resource-rich Congo (DRC)....MONUC in the Democratic Republic of Congo.. After years of unresolved conflict, few places anywhere need peace and stability more than DRC in the wake of the country's long-running war taking 4 million or more lives causing immeasurable human misery and harm. All along, the UN was inept, counterproductive and out of the loop. It was more part of the problem than its solution. It knew all about legal and illegal arms trading fueling conflict but didn't stop it because its controlling members did the selling like they always do in war zones everywhere...Instead, he [Kofi Annan] kept his mouth shut and head down, refusing to act as he later did as Secretary-General...The country's cursed by being the likely most resource-rich piece of real estate in the world (except for not having large oil reserves). That makes it a key target for imperial exploitation and control with Congo's people suffering just by being there... The evidence shows UN forces engaged in sex trafficking, using children as prostitutes."
100307, LRB, Mahmood Mamdani, ThePolitics of Naming: Genocide, Civil War, Insurgency. "That this is hardly the case is evident if one compares the American response to Darfur to its non-response to Congo, even though the dimensions of the conflict in Congo seem to give it a mega-Darfur quality: the numbers killed are estimated in the millions rather than the hundreds of thousands; the bulk of the killing, particularly in Kivu, is done by paramilitaries trained, organised and armed by neighbouring govemments; and the victims on both sides - Hema and Lendu - are framed in collective rather than individual terms, to the point that one influential version defines both as racial identities and the conflict between the two as a replay of the Rwandan genocide. Given all this, how does one explain the fact that the focus of the most widespread and ambitious humanitarian movement in the US is on Darfur and not on Kivu ?...Could the reason be that in the case of Congo, Hema and Lendu militias - many of them no more than child soldiers - were trained by America's allies in the region, Rwanda and Uganda? Is that why the violence in Darfur - but not the violence in Kivu - is named as a genocide ?"
230507, BBC, UN troops 'traded gold for guns' (Pakistanske tropper, 2005, "in and around the nnining town of Mongbwalu, in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo." Fredsbevarede styrker, strid mellem Lendu og Hema.
290507, Baltimore Times, Should U.S. intervention in Sudan be supported ? "The year 1961 saw the U.S. and its imperialists friends interfere in the Belgian Congo. The fingerprints of the U.S. remain all over the assassination of Patrice Lumumba. In 1965, CIA backed military coup overthrew President Joseph Kasavubu and ushered in Joseph Mobutu to power."
300807, Sydney Morning Herald, Mourners die as fever grips Congo. "More than 100 people have died in a remote part of Congo, including all those who attended the funerals of two village chiefs, in what health officials fear is an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever. People began dying of the suspected fever after the high-profile funerals in Mweka, a region of southeastern Congo where relatives usually wash the bodies of the deceased by hand, said Jean-Constatin Kanow, the chief medical inspector for the province...In all, four villages are affected and 217 people have come down ith the illness, including 103 who died."
100209, Global Research, Keith Harmon Snow, The War that did not make the Headlines. Over Five Million Dead in Congo. Behind the Numbers Redux: How Truth is Hidden, Even When it Seems to Be Told. The International Rescue Committee has been described in the past as the ideal instrument of psychological warfare, and it is. ... Amongst the trustees or overseers of the International Rescue Committee is Henry Kissinger, ' a man whose interests run very deep in Congo. Henry Kissinger is tied to Freeport McMoRan (FXC) and FCX is all over the copper and cobalt show in Katanga. PCX director J. Stapleton Roy was Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research under Madeleine Albright, 1999-2000, during the Clinton administration invasions of Rwanda (1994) and then Congo/Zaire (1996); Roy retired to join Kissinger Associates." .... Another Kissinger Associates principal is Lawrence Eagleburger, who has past affiliations with the defense and intelligence insider Scowcroft Group, and has been a director of Halliburton Corporation since 1998. ... Walter Kansteiner, a National Security insider for the Clinton and G. W. Bush administrations and a "principal member" of the Scowcroft Group today, is a director of Moto Gold ... and of the military-based "conservation" organization, the Africa Wildlife Foundation ... that is backing mercenary activities in the Congo's Virungas Mountains region under the cover of gorilla protection. ... Another Kissinger Associates director is Belgium's Viscount Etienne Davignon. ... Davignon is also a close associate of Donald Rumsfeld through the bio-warfare production company Gilead Sciences. ... John C. Whitehead and Cyrus Vance, two men with historical ties to covert operations in Congo, ... tied to the Maurice Templesman empire behind the plunder of Congo/Zaire for decades. ... Clinton launched the wars in Rwanda and Congo with the background support of his predecessor. ... Amongst the IRC's biggest funders are HSBC bank, GE, and Goldman Sachs, all involved in Congo's blood diamonds plunder, and Pfizer and Gilead Sciences .... One of these is long-time UNICEF executive Nigel Fisher, who is today also a member of the Advisory Council of the Diamond Development Initiative, ....Fisher was the UNICEF Special Representative for Rwanda in 1994, and he led that agency's post-genocide [sic] recovery operations [sic] in the Great Lakes region of Africa. ... there is an ongoing policy of intentional depopulation in Africa. ... , and - offering a rather stark and poignant and undeniable example of the way things work and don't - Coca Cola trucks ship coke all over the place, even in rural areas. Full stop. ... There are no books and no bookstores in Congo for a reason. Starvation is widespread and there are food and grain shortages because of, and not in spite of, the United Nations and the IRC and the World Food Program and its ties to Robert Dole, Archers Daniels Midland, ConAgra and - a Henry Kissinger link - Continental Grain. ... Coke director Donald F. McHenry is a President of the IRC Group, a Washington DC consulting firm whose connections to the International Rescue Committee are difficult to ascertain. Former Ambassador Andrew Young, Madeleine Albright, George Soros, Lawrence Eagleburger, Frank Ferrari, Donald Easum, Donald F. McHenry and Frank Carlucci all frequently surface like tentacles of the Templesman octopus and most of these are tight with the intelligence apparatus, and all have ties to the flak producing CIA ciphers the Africa - America Institute and the Corporate Council on Africa. ... The Museveni government has forced 1.3 million Acholi people onto death camps in northern Uganda and denied them humanitarian relief. Starvation happens not because this is Africa, or the Congo, it is because we are witnessing the most devastating example of predatory capitalism and heartless, absolute greed, combined with a spiritual crises - in the "first" world - of unprecedented proportions. The long term control of Congo's resources is best served by eliminating as many black people as possible. ... Protected by Albert-Henri Buisine and Israeli mercenary Meir Meyouhas - and a slew of crack black intelligence operatives - Mobutu received his guests. Hundreds of people came and went from Zaire over the years, and these included Secretary of State Henry Kissinger; Vice-President George H.W. Bush; Ambassadors Andrew Young and Jean Kirkpatrick; and mercenaiy Frank Carlucci. Diamond tycoon Maurice Templesman dined often with Mobutu on the Kamanyola, sometimes with his lover, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, often with his Zaire-based diamond agents like Jerry Funk or James Barnes, and with De Beers agents like Nicky Oppenheimer or Nick Davenport.... On May 11 and 12, 1990, Mobutu's shock froops - including the Israeli-frained Special Presidential Division (DSP), SARM and National Gendarmerie - attacked the campus at the University of Lumumbashi, and they killed hundreds of students, at least, while countless more were tortured and brutalized. The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency station in Lumumbashi supported the atrocities and cover-up. It sounds like a long time ago, but the players are still around. Some, like James Barnes, Maurice and Leon Templesman, and Nicky Oppenheimer, are still running big operations in Africa. ... And that is why we have more than 10 million dead in Congo since 1996, and millions more in Uganda and Rwanda. These nightmare numbers are the products of the Bush-Clinton-Bush administrations, a contiguous unfolding of fascism in America. ... At the height of the supposed disintegration of Zaire - mid-1980's through the mid-1990's the Blattner family was rapidly expanding their operations and consolidating power. The previous and already vast empire in Zaire was established by James Blattner as the Group Agro Pastoral (GAP), and this was later divided up amongst sons David and Elwyn (Daniel's role in Congo is uncertain), who scooped up plantation after plantation, concession after concession, becoming involved in transportation, shipping, aviation, telecommunications, agriculture, logging and construction. ... Katanga has repeatedly been described as the province of "forgotten strife." In the past decade alone, millions of people have been dispossessed of their livelihoods, their land, their futures and their lives, and the mining in Katanga and Mbuji-Mayi has been going on since the end of the Leopold era. ... After a century of exploitation and slavery, we find the DRC's huge state diamond firm, MIBA, consistently withholding payment of salaries to starving Congolese laborers and middle managers for months at a time. ... Katanga is the Democratic Republic of Congo's southernmost province, and it is the world's richest mining metropolis, with the poorest people in the world. ... The heartland of the Congo also has petroleum, and this is part of the reason for the unfathomable terrorism involving Western enterprises and agents and the concomitant rates of mortality in the interior. Petroleum reserves were discovered (but left dormant) by Chevron in the Equateur rainforest in the late I970's.... Meanwhile, the former top internal intelligence and security chief of the United Nations Observer's Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) has been worked for Anvil mining in Katanga since 2006. With top MONUC security officials taking high paying jobs with companies involved in the atrocities, one begins to see the nature of an organized, armed, free-for-all for Congo's resources. This journalist reported in July 2007 that MONUC officials were accepting kickbacks from warlord Jean-Pierre Bemba, and there is evidence of MONUC collusion with other individuals capitalizing on war and plunder in Congo. ... Finally, the MONUC mission in Congo institutionalizes the inequality and suffering endured by Congolese people by maintaining double standards about labor and employment packages provided to MONUC employees who live in the host country.
Congo - Brazzaville
101005, Globalsecurity. Regeringen har iværksat en udrydningsjagt på "ninjas" i bydelen Bacongo i Brazzaville. Ninjaerne bekæmpede regeringen i 1997 og 2003. Genoplivelsen af kampene falder sammen med at fhv. premierminister Bernard Kolelas er kommet tilbage fra sit exil.
jan. 2007, Monthly Review, William K. Tabb, "Global Witness reports that despite being the fourth largest oil producer in Africa, Congo Brazzaville has overseas debt of $6.4 billion as a consequence of Elf Aquitaine, the former French state oil company's strategy of influence peddling and bribery."
Côte d'Ivoire
Novembre 2006, Monde Diplomatique. (Anne Cecile Robert). Amerikanske evangeliske kirker har stor indflydelse, Gbagbo tilhører en af dem.
Djibouti
080107, ICH, Salim Lone, Destabilizing The Horn. Djibouti har en stor amerikansk base som skal være hovedkvarter for den nye afrikanske kommando.
130107, Chicago Tribune, U.S. sees Somalia mission as model. Special Forces used in counterterror strike. "The Pentagon established a desolate outpost in the Horn of Africa nation of Djibouti in 2002 in part to serve as a hub for Special Operations missions to capture or kill senior Al Qaeda leaders in the region."
Eritrea
031105, SBS, Kofi Annan meddeler, at han er yderst bekymret over rapporter fra FNs mission i Ethiopien og Eritrea (UNMEE) om troppebevægelser på begge sider af den midlertidige sikkerhedszone og ulovlig aktivitet i zonen. Sikkerhedsrådet har uformelle drøftelser om sagen. I de sidste 3 uger har Asmara begrænset FNs patruljer i den eritreanske del af sikkerhedszonen. Begge lande har sendt tropper til grænsen. Det internationale udvalg, de i 2002 fastsatte grænseforløbet tildelte Eritrea byen Badme, hvilket Ethiopien aldrig har accepteret.
310806, Arab News, Muhammed Salahuddin, "How Israel Casts Its Dark Shadow Over Horn of Africa". Israel bygger sin største flådebase udenfor Israel på øen Dahlak og har en anden base på Fatma. I 1995 undertegnedes en aftale om militært samarbejde. Det begyndte med præsident Isaias Afewerkis behandling på et israelsk hospital. Da Eritrea besatte Yemens ø Hunaish i 1996, var det med støtte fra den israelske flåde på Dahlak. Israelsk atomaffald deponeres på de 2 øer. Esrael åbnede ambassade i Asmara i 1993. Israel har et tæt efterretningssamarbejde med Ethiopie og Eritrea citeres The British "Foreign Report" for (1998).
Ethiopien
031105, SBS, Kofi Annan meddeler, at han er yderst bekymret over rapporter fra FNs mission i Ethiopien og Eritrea (UNMEE) om troppebevægelser på begge sider af den midlertidige sikkerhedszone og ulovlig aktivitet i zonen. Sikkerhedsrådet har uformelle drøftelser om sagen. I de sidste 3 uger har Asmara begrænset FNs patruljer i den eritreanske del af sikkerhedszonen. Begge lande har sendt tropper til grænsen. Det internationale udvalg, de i 2002 fastsatte grænseforløbet tildelte Eritrea byen Badme, hvilket Ethiopien aldrig har accepteret.
021105, Amnesty. 30 demonstranter skudt i Addis Ababa. Medlemmer af oppositionspartiet Coalition for Unity and Democracy arresteres. Partiet boykotter det nyvalgte parlament, med beskyldninger om valgfusk. [Er der også her tale om et NED finansieret oprør, for at indsætte en amerikanskvenlig regering ??]
281206, Xinhua - English, Norway demands a withdrawal of Ethiopian troops (fra Somalia). Det samme har den Afrikanske Union gjort. For den krig se også Somalia.
Le Monde diplomatique, septembre 2007, Supplément Ethiopie. L'Ethiopie célèbre son (double) millénaire. Artiklen indeholder et kort. Ethiopien opstod i det første århundrede som kongeriget Axoum. Dette "salomoniske" kongerige bestod til det 14. årh., hvor dynastiet Zagwe tog over. Fra 1270 - 1529 var der under dynastiet Yekounno Amlak en litterær og arkitektonisk blomstringsperiode. I 1541 satte portugiserne 400 mand i land i Massaoua under ledelse af Christophe de Gama (søn af Vasco). Resten af kongerækken findes også i artiklen. I 1896 slår ethiopiske tropper italienerne ved Adoua. I 1931 får landet under Haile Selassie sin første grundlov. 1935 - 1941 er Ethiopien besat af italienerne. Også den nyere historie summeres i artiklen.
Ghana
220206, Ghanaweb. USA overvejer alvorligt at etablere en militærbase i Ghana til forsvar for sin adgang til vestafrikansk olie. Faren ved at være vært for den slags understreges.
Monde Diplomatique, Avril 2007, p. 12 har en artikel om Jerry Rawlings (1992 - 2000) og hans efterfølger som præsident, John Kufuor (2000 - ) som har privilegeret adgang til Det hvide Hus. Ghana har givet USAsoldater undtagelse i h.t. ICC og "liberaliseret" økonomien. Nkrumah afsattes i 1966 ved et CIA inspireret kup. Siden har der været korruption og dårlig ledelse. Guld, kakao og træ er eksportartiklerne.
290507, Baltimore Times, Should U.S. intervention in Sudan be supported ? "In 1966, the U.S. backed overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana."
Guinea
se Olie.
220107, BBC, Guinea police clash with strikers. "Security forces in Guinea have clashed with demonstrators, calling on President Lansana Conte to resign on the 13th day of a general strike. Der er flere døde. Demonstrationer i Conakry, Siguiri, Kankan, Dabola og Telemele. Conte tog magten ved et kup i 1984 og har siden vundet 3 valg.
Guinée Bissau
Novembre 2006, Monde Diplomatique. (Anne Cecile Robert). Kup i 2003.
Kenya
"hvor et stykke motorvej på bedste kenyanske vis afslører, at her boede engang en rigtig præsident." (Petersen, Jørgen E.: Det nye Sydafrika, p. 105)
AT SE I KENYA: Nyeri Peace Museum og a Peace Garden in the smaller town of Othaya, se David Anderson: Histories of the Hanged Britain's Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire, p. 340
En kronologi findes samme sted, p. 387 - 394 (1895 - 1963).
Kenya African National Union [KANU] formed, with alliance of Kikuyu and Luo politicians
Kenya African Democratic Union [KADU] formed, with alliance of Kalenjin, Maasai and liberal European and other minority political groupings (David Anderson, p. 394).
"Already two years before the Gladio exposures in 1990 the BBC unveiled clandestine cooperation between the British and the American Special Forces to the larger public and in a documentary entitled the 'The Unleashing of Evil' revealed how SAS British Special Forces and US Green Berets had used torture against prisoners over the past 30 years in every major campaign from Kenya to Northern Ireland, Oman, Vietnam, Yemen, Cyprus and other countries." (Ganser, Daniele: NATO'S SECRET ARMIES. p. 44)
161203, Kenya leder efter store summer (mindst 1 milliard USD), som forsvandt ud af landet under Daniel arap Moi. Nogen af pengene findes stadig i Kenya - jeg blev (febr. 2005) bedt om at hjælpe med at få dem ud.
080506, The Guardian, Aid staff abusing Liberian children, charity says. Den britiske hær undersøger 2000 klager fra Masaikvinder, der over en periode på 20 år, er blevet voldtaget af engelske soldater.
030706, The Boston Globe, Secrets & lies While researching Kenya, she found shocking truths about the British empire "Mau Mau was an uprising among the Kikuyu tribe of British Kenya, essentially a response to economic privation due to losses of land at the hands of British settlers. Beginning in 1951 and ending in 1959, the rebellion included an oath of loyalty among adherents, attacks on settlers, and a poorly armed movement based in Kenyan forests. Thirty-two Europeans were killed in rebel attacks. But in the british campaign that followed, thousands of Kikuyu, many of them innocent, were abused, tortured, or killed in a system of camps known as the Pipeline. By Elkins's calculations, as many as 320,000 men and women were held in the camps, and as many as 50,000 were killed.... Several senior participants were interviewed by Elkins, and they are unrepentant. ..A group of Kenyan lawyers recently announced a plan to file suit against the British government in coming months. Elkins co-founded the Kenya Oral History Centre in Nairobi."
131006, Guardian, Shameful legacy. I de tidlige 1950ere myrdede MauMauoprørere 32 europæere. Det britiske svar var brutalt [og i sin overdrivelse en krigsforbrydelse/forbrydelse mod menneskeheden, OJ] 150.000 kenyanere blev spærret inde i [konventrations]lejre [Guardian undgår betegnelsen]. Nu er der en håndfuld af dem, der har lagt sag an mod den britiske regering. En af dem er Espon Makanga, 78. Han beskriver sit ophold i Kandongu lejren i 1957. Chefen for lejren, Terence Gavaghan, lever endnu, er ikke straffet og udtaler sig også til artiklen. MauMauoprørerne dræbte også et større antal kikuyuer. Artiklen beskriver hovedårsagen til oprøret som bitterhed over tabet af landbrugsland. [Når man ser på de store arealer af god landbrugsjord - i et behageligt, og stort set dyrkningssikkert klima - som de hvide farmere endnu idag sidder på, så forekommer det som rimelig forklaring. Mærkeligt bare, at man endnu ikke har taget jorden tilbage !!, OJ]. En anden af de anklagende, Jane Muthoni Mara beskriver sin tortur, bl.a. en colaflaske med kogende vand i vagina. Artiklen beskriver også, hvordan guvernøren , Sir Evelyn Baring, og hans chefjurist Griffith-Jones dækkede over torturen. [Philippe Sands, please wake up, and take action against Britains own villains, Yours Orla Jordal].
Præsidenten Mwai Kibaki, $30,000 a month. When allowances are added he receives about $500,000 a year, Al Jazira "186% pay rise for Kenya's president"
030807, allAfrica.com: East African Standard (Nairobi), Recruits to Serve in Iraq. Sentry Security of East Africa Limited lokal repræsentant for Sentry Security of East Africa, USA, forsøger at hyre 800 kenyanere - fhv. soldater og politifolk - til tjeneste i Iraq.
Liberia
080506, The Guardian, Aid staff abusing Liberian children, charity says. Det er Red Barnet, der har en rapport herom. De, der misbruger børnene er både DNs fredsbevarende styrker og hjælpeorganisationernes personale.
Mali
Novembre 2006, Monde Diplomatique. (Anne Cecile Robert). I 1991 væltede militæret diktatoren, Moussa Traoré.
Marokko, Maroc
AOÛT 2007, Le Monde diplomatique, Wendy Kristianasen, Les islamistes marocains tentés par la modèle turc. Partiet for retfærdighed og udvikling, PJD, moderate islamister forudses at vinde valget, 7. september. International Republican Institute (IRI) (se NED) har lavet meningsmålingen. Al-AdlWal-Ihsane, Bevægelsen for retfærdighed og godgørenhed, er også islamister. Al-Adl Wal-Ihsanes Abdelwahed Motawakil siger, at han ofte taler med amerikanerne, at de er mere intelligente end franskmændene, som ofte udøver afpresning og aflyser aftalte møder. IRI har også finansieret et besøg af Recep Tayyip Erdogans tyrkiske AKP. "Det betragtes af visse marokanske medier som en indblanding i indre anliggender". [Et godt britisk understatement !!]. Regeringen har lavet om på valgkredsene for at mindske PJDs sejr. Nogen i PJD (Abdelilah Benkirane) er parate til at indgå i en regeringskoalition, andre (SaadeddineAl-Othmani) har ikke lyst til at være ottende hjul på koalitionsvognen. De to er enige om behovet for en forfatningsændring, der giver regeringen mere magt på bekostning af kongen. PJD vil vinde på at bekæmpe korruptionen, som AKP. Man vil dog ikke, som AKP, servere alkohol ved sine receptioner. Man accepterer turismen, men ikke sideeffekter som prostitution, pædefili, HIV.
070805, SignOnSanDiego. Mauretania starter olieproduktion 2006.
Novembre 2005, Monde Diplomatique, p. 8 - 9, Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou: Variation sur l'usage du coup d'Etat en Mauretanie.
Monde Diplomatique, Juin 2006, p. 6 - 7. Delphine Lecoutre & Admore Mupoki Kambudzi: Rwanda, Affaire ELF, Visas au Compte - Gouttes; Vers un divorce entre Paris et le continent africain ? 030805 organiserede Ely Ould Mohamed Vall et kup mod pour ! Maaouiya Ould Taya - uden fransk bistand, men måske med amerikansk.
Namibia
150207, ICH, Stephen Lendman, UN Peacekeeping Paramilitarism. "The UN did nothing during South Africa's border wars and invasion of Namibia in the 1960s and 70s."
Niger
070805, The Observer. I november begyndte hjælpeorganisationerne at appellere om assistance til Niger. Men regeringen var under pres fra EU og IMF, så den vovede ikke at sælge korn så det kunne medføre fald i markedspriserne - endsige uddele det gratis til de trængende. Det er fattigdommen, der er problemet.
Nigeria
1958, Achebe, beskriver Ibo-kulturen, den engelske kolonialisme og den kristne mission.
I 1999 angreb nigerianske soldater landsbyerne Opia og Ikenyan efter at indbyggere herfra havde forsøgt at protestere overfor folkene på olieriggen Searrex over at arbejdet ødelagde deres fiskeri. 4 personer blev dræbt og huse brændt af. Dagen efter betalte Chevron soldaterne 109.25 USD/mand. Indbyggere fra landsbyerne har nu lagt sag an mod Chevron ved en forbundsdomstol i San Francisco. SFGate, 040805.
april 2006, The Atlantic Online, Worse Than Iraq ? Jeffrey Tayler. Præsident Obasanjo styrer landet mod sammenbrud - og en amerikansk militær intervention. [Der ligger allerede et større flådefartøj ud for Niger deltaet - "til beskyttelse af Nigerias olie." Del og hersk - også her !, OJ] Nigeria har været medlem af OPEC siden 1971, har 35 milliarder barrels oliereserve og eksporterer 2½ millioner barrels/day og er allerede 5. største olieleverandør til USA. Bush har erklæret Afrikas olie "en [amerikansk] national interesse", hvad der betyder, at man vil anvende militær magt til at forsvare den !!?? 80 % af olieindtægterne går til 1 % af befolkningen !
100207, Tomdispatch, Michael T.Klare, Behold the Rise of Energy-Based Fascism. "..disruption of supply from Nigeria would represent a major blow to U.S. oil security strategy. To prevent such a disruption, the Department of Defense is providing Nigerian military and internal security forces with substantial arms and equipment intended to quell unrest in the Delta region." Helt uanset, hvad nigerianerne synes og har opevet.
300507, sfgate, Nigeria files criminal charges against Pfizer over clinical trial. Se også min kommentar.
Rwanda
juli/august 2004, Zmag. Edward Herman. USA støttede tutsi i Rwanda, som siden dræbte mange i Congo.
I en boganmeldelse i Monde Diplomatique, juillet 2006, p. 26, nævner René Gouidic, at præsident Paul Kagame beskylder Frankrig for at have spillet en direkte rolle i landets folkemord april - juli 1994.
Anklagen gentages på Reuters/Al Jazira, 261106, Kagame blames France for genocide. Kagame hævder at Frankrig husede folk fra den tidligere regering, der stod bag folkemordet. Det er en reaktion på, at 9 af hans medarbejdere er anklagede i Frankrig.
jan. 2007, Monthly Review, William K. Tabb. "The Belgians ruled through Tutsi chiefs promoting them to a superior status over the Hutus and imposed compulsory cash crop demands through their Tutsi intermediaries. [And thus created the basis for later geocides, OJ]"
Janvier 2007, Monde Diplomatique, Colette Braeckman, Accusations susectes contre le régime rwandais. Om fransk deltagelse/medskyld i folkemordet. Om den sorte kasse, der vist landede hos FN og en egentlig anklage mod Paul Kagame ved fransk ret.
150207, ICH, Stephen Lendman, UN Peacekeeping Paramilitarism. "UNAMIR in Rwanda was set up to help implement the Arusha Accords in 1993 to ease tensions, secure the capital, and monitor a ceasefire and security agreement prior to the outbreak of ethnic slaughter that began after CIA surface-to-air missiles shot down the aircraft carrying Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana and Burundi President Cyprien Ntaryamira in April, 1994. That "unfortunate" plane accident made way for US-trained Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) Major-General Paul Kagame to take power so Washington could use the country as a base to pursue its greater prize in resource-rich Congo (DRC)."
190207, Times Online, US military planes criss-cross Europe using bogus call sign. "In a report exposing arms trafficking to war-torn central Africa, Amnesty International has suggested that "US security authorities were engaged in a covert operation to ferry arms to Rwanda in the face of political opposition from the European Union." [2004]
São-Tomé-et-Principe
er nu også et olieland, komplet med korruption og fremmed indblanding (Monde Diplomatique, Octobre 2006, p. 20, Jean - Christophe Servant).
Senegal
196 722 kvadratkilometer, befolkning: 11 700 000 (59/kvadratkm), BNP: 8 milliarder USD (683 USD/indb.), vækst mellem 1990 og 2004, 0.9 %/år, forbentet levetid 56 år, børnedødelighed 78/1000, 60 % analfabeter. (2005 tal fra Monde Diplomatique, Février 2007, som også har et kort).
Sierra Leone
080506, The Guardian, Aid staff abusing Liberian children, charity says. En chef for FNs undersøgelseshold om krigsforbrydelser blev dømt for at have misbrugt sin 13 årige hushjælp.
se også Petras
210206, AlJazira. Så er det også lykkedes at få slagsmål mellem islamister og andre i Somalia.
120406, Asharq Al-Awsat. USA hyrer militser og klanfolk i sin kampagne mod al Qaeda i Somalia. Regeringen protesterer. USA påstår at Sheikh Taher Uways huser terrorister i sit område. Uways er modstander af at få ind et korps af "fredsbevarende styrker" fra nabolandene, specielt imod Ethiopiens deltagelse.
030506, Forbes, AP. Præsident Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed klager over at USA bakker nogen af landets krgsherrer op, i stedet for at satse på den lovlige FN godkendte regering. Udtalelsen faldt under et besøg i Stockholm.
170506, Mail and Guardian, SA online. Killings, beheadings in new Somali violence. Islamic Court militsen dræbte 7 personer og bortførte en kampvogn, siger en af Dheeres folk. Der var en stor islamistisk demonstration i Mogadishu. Alliancen for genskabelse af fred og antiterrorisme er dannet af en fremmed nation, siger Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, fra sammenslutningen af islamiske domstole.
220506, OnlineJournal. Larry Chin: US covert operations underway in Somalia; resource conflict escalates over Horn of Africa. Samme indhold som Forbes. Regeringen mener at USAs støtte tilkrigsherrerne fremmer fortsat borgerkrig. Regeringen ønsker udvikling af olieindustrien, Conoco, Agip, Amoco, Chevron, og . Phillips har koncessioner, opnået under Siad Barre. [Det sædvanlige spil, en borgerkrig/en ustabil regering giver billigere adgang til ressourcerne, OJ]. Udover Somalias egen olie - som ikke er registreret som et større fund, ligger Somalia strategisk for adgangen mellem Mellemøsten og Afrika. Kina er også interesseret somalsik olie.
050606, Yahoo. Experts say US funding Somali warlords. Man giver mere end 100.000 - 150.000 USD/måned til krigsherrer, der bekæmper de islamiske domstole. Eksperten er John Prendergast, International Crisis Group (Soros). Og så denne perle: "A United Nations team charged with monitoring a U.N. arms embargo against Somalia has also said it is investigating an unnamed country's clandestine support for the warlords alliance as a possible violation of the weapons ban." [Altså USA har fået FN til at indføre blokade af våbenleverancer til Somalia, samtidig bevæbner USA krigsherrerne. Skulle vi ikke snart sige stop, vi vil ikke spille med, hverken i FN eller andetsteds - eller direkte melde USA ud af FN - de betaler jo alligevel kontingentet for sent, eller slet ikke, OJ]
300606. International Herald Tribune/Reuters/The New York Times, Briefly: U.S. to bolster forces of old Somali regime. "The Bush administration will work to bolster the police force and other security troops of Somalia's govemment in exile in the hope of marginalizing the Islamic militias now controlling much of the war- torn country, a senior U.S. official told Congress."
septembre 2006, Monde Diplomatique, p. 16 - 17, Gérard Prunier: "Liaisons dangereuses de Washington en Somalie". I juni kom Foreningen af Islamiske Domstole til herredømmet. Siden oktober 2004 har man internationalt anerkendt en provisorisk overgangsregering med sæde i først Nairobi siden Baidoa. Den har aldrig haft nogen autoritet i landet. De 3 ledende deltagende krigsherrer, Youssouf Abdullahi, Ali Mohamed Gedi og Sharif Hassan Cheikh Adan kan ikke enes og har ingen hær. Andre krigsherrer har fået ministerposter for at være med. Men deres bander hærger alligevel deres dele af landet. Overfor det resulterende anarki har de islamiske domstole markeret sig ved at skabe en vis orden. De gik så sammen i 2002 under Cheikh Sharif Cheikh Ahmed og overtog magten i juni 2006.
100906, UPI, "U.S. accused of covert Somolia ops". Der er tale om en lejesoldatoperation til støtte for interimsregeringen. Select Armor og ATS er de involverede lejesoldatfirmaer.
151106, Santa Barbara News-Press, U.N. report says 10 nations violating arms embargo in Somalia. De beskyldte er Ethiopia, Eritrea, Egypt, Yemen, Libya, Iran, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Syria og Uganda samt Hezbollah. Derudover er der en beskyldning om at 720 somalier skulle have kæmpet for Hizbollah i forsvaret af Libanon mod det israelske angreb. Eksperter og diplomater citeres for skepsis heroverfor. Der var også en tvivlsom beskyldning om at Iran skulle levere våben til gengæld for uranmalm. Ser jeg på listen, så får jeg det indtryk, at den kommer fra Boltons skrivebord, snarere end fra en undersøgelse i Somalia.
041206, Al Jazira, Somalis rail against UN resolution. Tusinder af somaliere protesterer mod USAstøttede planer om at sende udenlandske "fredsbevarende styrker" til landet til støtte for den midlertidige regering. De islamiske retters råd siger, at man så vil invitere fremmede kæmpere.
071206, Al Jazira, Islamic Courts snubs UN resolution.
081206, BBC, 'Heavy fighting' in Somali town. Det drejer sig om Dinsoor, 110 km fra den vestligt godkendte regerings hovedstad Baidoa. Regeringen får hjælp af ethiopiske tropper. Udover krigen plages somalierne af oversvømmelser og Røde Kors melder om hundretusinder på flugt. Unionen af islamiske Domstole - modregeringen - har kontrol med det meste af det sydlige Somalia. Sikkerhedsrådet har enstemmigt vedtaget at indsætte en afrikansk brdkyttrldrdtyrke [hvilket afvises af UiD, se ovenfor].
191206, Al Jazira, Somalia troop exit deadline nears. De islamiske retters forening (ICU) siger, at de er parate til at bekæmpe de ethiopiske tropper, efter at et ultimatum nærmer sig sin slutdato. En repræsentant for ICU, Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, er parat til at forhandle med Ethiopien.
251206, Al Jazira, Ethiopia pushes deeper into Somalia. Mogadishu er bombet af ethiopiske MIG.
261206, The International Herald Tribune, In Somalia, A Reckless U.S. Proxy War. De 15.000 ethiopiske tropper arbejder med fuld USA støtte og træning. Man kalder det et led i krigen mod terror, men det handler om at skaffe USA fodfæste i et strategisk vigtigt område i form af en klientstat. FNs Sikkerhedsråd understregede sit antimuslimske ry ved at godkende en international styrke til at redde overgangsregeringen, der bekæmper de islamiske domstoles union. Siden de [amerikanske] fredsbevarende styrker blev drevet ud i 1993, har Sikkerhedsrådet ikke interesseret sig for Somalia. Men nu hvor der endelig var lidt ro og stabilitet ! Naturligvis fordi det var de islamiske domstoles union, der havde slået krigsherrerne ved at mobilisere folket og genskabt lov og orden, gennem Sharia.
281206, Xinhua - English, Norway demands a withdrawal of Ethiopian troops (fra Somalia). Det samme har den Afrikanske Union gjort.
301206, Reuters AlertNet, Ethiopian tanks roll to crush Islamist. Ethiopia er kristen. Modtagelsen af interimregeringens og Ethiopien styrker i Mogadishu var blandet.
020107, allAfrica.com: Country and Ethiopia Will Use One Passport, Somali Minister Says. Den, der således forærer sit land til Ethiopien er komisk nok søn af den krigsherre, der drev USA ud af Somalia sidst. Hussein Mohammed Farah Aideed er nu indenrigsminister og vicepremierminister i amerikanernes regering for Somalia ! Han har holdt et møde med stammeældste og opfordret dem til at støtte sin regering og de ethiopiske tropper.
030107, allAfrica.com: Ethiopia Bombs Kenyan Village As 400 Refugees Are Ixpelled. Kenya har lukket sin grænse mod Somalia. Landsbyen Amey bombedes af ethiopiske helicoptere tirsdag 17.30. (Ikke officielt bekræftet). UNHCR har protesteret. UNHCR blev forhindret i at komme til grænsestationen Liboi inden Kenya returnerede 400 flygtninge - som allerede var officielt modtagne.
030107, GlobalResearch, America's interests in Somalia: Four major U.S. oil companies are sitting on a prospective fortune in exclusive concessions. "According to documents obtained by The Times, nearly two-thirds of Somalia was allocated to the American oil giants Conoco, Amoco, Chevron and Phillips in the final years before Somalia's proU.S. President Mohamed Siad Barre was overthrown and the nation plunged into chaos in January, 1991...Conoco Inc., the only major multinational corporation to maintain a functioning office in Mogadishu throughout the past two years of nationwide anarchy, has been directly involved in the U.S. government's role in the U.N.-sponsored humanitarian military effort. [artiklen er oprindelig fra 2001, OJ]. Somalia og Sudan topper geologernes oliehåbsliste i et Verdensbank-studie fra 1991. "Beginning 1986, Conoco, along with Amoco, Chevron, Phillips and, briefly. Shell all sought and obtained exploration licenses for northern Somalia from Siad Barre's government. Somalia was soon carved up into concessional blocs, with Conoco, Amoco and Chevron winning the right to explore and exploit the most promising ones."
050107, Al Jazira, issues message on Somalia. Der tales om et lydbånd med Ayman al-Zawahri. Zawahiri opfordrer til modstand og til at hjælpe de kæmpende i Somalia. Han kritiserer FNs Sikkerhedsråd for ikke at have så meget som vedtaget en resolution. Museveni (Uganda) har lovet Bush at sende 1 - 2000 tropper til Somalia.
050107, http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/, American Passports Found on Bodies of Al Qaeda Fighters in Somalia. "A senior official in the Somali government's new Ministry of the Interior told ABC News government forces had recovered "dozens of foreign passports," induding several American passports, on the bodies of al Qaeda fighters killed in combat between forces affiliated with the Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) and Ethiopian forces in Somalia...Last October, Yemeni authorities arrested eight foreigners, induding three Australians, a British national, a German and Dane, for running an al Qaeda-sponsored weapons and human smuggling network to Somalia." (min fremhævelse, OJ).
060107, Lew Rockwell, William S. Lind, A State Restored? Lad os nu se om den udefra installerede regering kan genskabe ordenen (det gjorde de islamiske retter). Så skal ethioperne hjem. Hvis de islamiske retters råd skal vinde, skal de sikre sig, at deres styrker - som de har reddet fra undergang - holdes loyale, forsynede, betalte og motiverede. Det vil være en vanskelig opgave. Derefter kommer et slagsmål på 2 fronter, mod ethioperne og mod interimsregeringen. Den første front er den letteste på rent national grund. Interimregeringens problemer ligger i, at den skal tæmme de krigsherrer, hvis hærgen skaffede de islamiske retter deres popularitet. Det er svært fordi de samme krigsherrer udgør denne regering. [Og mens somalierne slås, stjæler USA/Vesten deres ressourver, OJ].
070107, WORKERS WORLD, Monica Moorehead, U.S. role What's at stake in the Horn of Africa. "Millions of Muslims view Bush's endless war as a ploy to attack Islam, not just as a religion but also for daring to resist imperialist and colonial aggression...According to William Church, director of the Great Laikes Centre for Strategic Studies, the CIA has been funneling between $100,000 and $150,000 monthly to the Alliance for Restoration of Peace and Counterterrorism, which includes Somali officials recognized by the West, "warlords" and business people. Military equipment has also been donated to the Somali military by Select Armor, a private company based in Virginia. [hvor CIA også bor]..The U.S. has expressed concern that representatives of the Chinese government recently visited Kenya, Sudan and Ethiopia to discuss oil and trade agreements with those governments. China is offering developing countries better terms than those established by the imperialist powers." Med kort over Afrikas horn, inkl. hele Ethiopien og hele Kenya.
080107, ICH, Salim Lone, Destabilizing The Horn. "Clan warlords, who terrorized Somalia until they were driven out by the Islamists, and who were put back in power by the U.S.-backed and -trained Ethiopian army, have begun carving up the country once again...The Bush administration supported the warlords - in violation of a U.N. arms embargo it helped impose on Somalia many years ago - indirectly funneling them arms and suitcases filled with dollars." Og USA har fået FNs Sikkerhedsråd til at acceptere det.
090107, New York Times, "More Than 50 Killed By U.S. Attack In Somalia". Overgangspræsident, Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, havde givet tilladelse til angrebet.
100107, Reuters AlertNet, UA attack in Somalia killed innocents Arab League. Den arabiske Ligas generalsekretær ptotesterer og konstaterer, at der ikke foreligger en Sikkerhedsrådsgodkendelse. Ægyptens udenrigsminister Ahmed Aboul Gheit kritiserede også luftangrebene og opfordrer den somaliske regering til at genoptage forhandlinger med islamisterne.
120107, Garowe Online, Somalia - the Next Afghanistan + Iraq? Nævner en Sikkerhedsrådsresolution om fredsbevarende styrker til Somalia - som samtidig indeholdt ophævelse af våbenblokaden. [Kan den bekræftes ?] Tanzania var medsponsor for resolutionen, er eneste medlem af "the American sponsored International Contact Group".
120107, The Hindu, Vladimir Radyuhin, Russia protests U.S. action in Somalia
130107, Asia Times, Pepe Escobar, Somalia: Afghanistan remixed. "[N]obody really knows about civilian casualties because there's not a single journalist in the area and NATO may spin what it wants...The Taliban say the dead are all civilians [i Paktia]...Somalia is 100% Muslim and is populated by only one ethnic group, speaking a single, unified language. Like all over the Arab world, this is a clannish society - six major clans, hundreds of subclans...The US was kicked out of Somalia in 1992. The United Nations left in 1995..[efter 9/11] A UN-sanctioned, inevitably unpopular warlord, Abdullahi Yusuf, was rushed to power. But he was the wrong warlord - according to the three others who actually controlled Mogadishu, profiting from piracy, cell phone-smugglinq and heavy trafficking of qat....Mogadishu then developed into the realm of Islamic courts - the local, practical, business-sector solution of using sharia (Islamic law) to regulate society. The courts are of course clannish. But in 2004 they finally congregated under the banner of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU)...Once again the American scheme went spectacularly wrong. The courts were able to regiment support from all over southern Somalia. The warlords were expelled from Mogadishu. And the courts took over the whole city. For all Western cries of Talibanization, this was not a Taliban state - not even a new Saudi Arabia. For six months the ICU managed to impose something Somalia nad not had a glimpse of during 15 years of bloody, one-million-dead, civil war: order. Guns and qat were banned. The price paid by the population: no Western music and cinema." Kun 2 er henrettede - en tolvtedel af hvad Texas præsterede. Formanden for ICU, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, ønskede et godt forhold til USA og EU. Ethiopien, der har kristen majoritet, har et utålmodigt muslimsk mindretal. "[N]o wonder Ethiopia's corrupt dictator Meles Zenawi was concerned with the nightmare of Islamists in Somalia encouraging their Ethiopian brothers to rise...The whole Kafkaesque spectacle spells the possibility of non-stop disaster in the Horn of Africa for years to come. The Pentagon's African Command will have no problems justifying its budget...First you create chaos. Then you create "terror", and then you expand your "war on terror" to every Islamic corner of the world... The ICU people dissolved into the population - just like the Taliban in Afghanistan and the Ba'athists in Iraq...The Hawiye clan is very influential in Mogadishu. It will never accept a president from the Darod clan, like Yusuf...Despite barrages of spin, none of the top three alleged al-Qaeda masterminds responsible for the 1998 bombing of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania - Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan and Abu Taha al-Sudani - was killed."
130107, Global Research, Somalia and Ethiopia to be Unified? The Militarization of the Horn of Africa "The crisis in Somalia and tast Africa, triggered by U.S. interventionism is intimately related to events in the Middle East in what could become a major regional war against Iran, Syria, and their regional allies...Additionally, what the mainstream media fails to report about is the U.S.-backed Somali govemment's attempts at merging Somalia and Ethiopia with unified borders, a single currency, joint management, a single passport, and a joint military force."
130107, Chicago Tribune, U.S. sees Somalia mission as model. Special Forces used in counterterror strike. "The Pentagon established a desolate outpost in the Horn of Africa nation of Djibouti in 2002 in part to serve as a hub for Special Operations missions to capture or kill senior Al Qaeda leaders in the region." [Det er endnu en måde at udbytte fattige afrikanske lande på. Lade dem føre USAs krige. Mandskabsomkostningerne holdes nede. Og man slipper for den upopulære strøm af fyldte kister ind i USA. OJ]
220107, Information Clearing House Blog, Wanjohi Kabukuru, Oil, Not Terrorists, the Reason for US Attack on Somalia. "The little known yet well-heeled contact group, consisting of Norway, the US, UK, France and Tanzania (just an appendage) are also deeply enmeshed in Somalia...The first oil wells historically referred to as the Daga Shabell series were dug in the 1960s. Tiny gas discoveries adjacent to Socotra were also noted."
240107, Reuters AlertNet, US conducts second strike in Somalia, US officials. Det mistænkes, at USA også har folk i marken i Somalia.
210207, News from The Associated Press, Somali Insurgents Warn Peacekeepers Away. The Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations [kan nogen forklare det navn ??] advarer om, at man vil bekæmpe fremmede styrker, om de har blå hjelme eller ej. De 5 krigsherrer, der står bag USAs regering i Somalia har haft travlt med at handle våben de sidste 2 måneder.
060407, Telegraph, CIA 'secretly detaining' al-Qa'eda suspects. "American intelligence agents are interrogating hundreds of al-Qa'eda suspects secretly imprisoned in Ethiopia, human rights organisations said yesterday...They in include women and children as young as seven months and were arrested in Somalia and Kenya as they fled December's rout of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) around Mogadishu."
110407, Kurt Nimmo, Another Day in the Empire, Algeria Attack and the al-Qaeda Penetration of Africa. "It is sincerely mysterious "al-Qaeda" has a knack of showing up in places targeted by the neocons. For instance, Africa, in particular Somalia and, more recently, Algeria....AFRICOM came into being shortly before the United States used the Ethiopian armed forces, supported by US air power and small teams of special forces to destabilize the Islamic Courts Union which had stabilized of most of Somalia and, for the first time in years, brought a semblance of normalcy to the country...The White House's plans for Africa, which reach far beyond the Horn, are part of a general militarization of U.S. foreign policy. A recent congressional report found that "some embassies have effectively become command posts, with military personnel in those countries all but supplanting the role of ambassadors in conducting American foreign policy." The United States is already pouring $500 million into its Trans-Sahel Counterterrorism Initiative that embraces Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria in North Africa, and nations boarding the Sahara including Mauritania, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Chad, and Senegal. A major U.S. base in Djibouti houses some 1,800 troops and played an important role in the Somali invasion. "
100407, Consortium News, Ivan Eland, U.S.-Made Mess in Somalia. "As a result of the administration's unfounded fear, the United States began supporting unpopular warlords in the strife-torn nation. That's when the real trouble began. The radical Islamists in Somalia never had much following until the Somali people became aware that an outside power was supporting the corrupt and thuggish military chieftains. The popularity of the Islamist movement then surged, allowing the Islamists to take over much of the country....U.S. experiences in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia should teach foreign policy experts and the American public that U.S. meddling abroad is often counterproductive and dangerous."
110507, All Africa, Carl Bloice, The Hidden War for Oil. "The attack on Somalia was pre-planned. It would never have taken place vithout the approval of the White House." Ethiopierne er stadig i landet og begår stadig krigsforbrydelser. Der er formelt afleveret en rapport til EU fra eget udsendt personale. Konflikten mellem De islamiske domstole og den af Vesten indsatte regering kompliceres af gamle stammemodsætninger. [Så er det lettere at finde en, der er villig til at sælge landet og dets olie, OJ]. Han omtaler også USAs anvendelse af Ethiopien som torturstation med direkte deltagelse af FBI og CIA folk. "On file are plans - put on hold amid continuing conflicts - for nearly two-thirds of Somalia's oil fields to be allocated to the US oil companies Conoco, Amoco, Chevron and Phillips."
290507, Baltimore Times, Should U.S. intervention in Sudan be supported ? " In 1978, the U.S. helped to foment war between Ethiopia and Somalia...The U.S. most recently in January 2007 facilitated the Ethiopian invasion of Somalia under the guise of fighting terrorism."
140807, Reuters AlertNet, Somalia to create Iraq-style "Green Zone" Prime minister Ali Mohamed Gedi blev interviewet i sit hus i Nairobi.
150807, Reuters, Africa, More than 600,000 hungry in [southern Somalia] "bread basket".
hentet 200807, Iran Daily, Somalia Reopen to Oil Majors. Her har vi forklaringen på Somalias problemer !! "Several western oil majors-Royal Dutch Shell, BP, ConocoPhillips, Chevron, ENI - held Somalian exploration concessions in the 1980s before leaving in 1991, when warlords toppled Dictator Mohamed Siad Barre and the country descended into lawlessness... The draft law, also nullifies any exploration deals struck after 1990--a clause that is likely to meet opposition from Somalia's northern regions of Somaliland and Puntland, which have both signed separate agreements in the past five years. It may also affect a production-sharing agreement signed by President Abdullahi Yusuf and China's largest offshore oil and gas producer CNOOC." Loven åbner for production-sharing agreements, den form for aftaler, der er ringest for det berørte land. Indtil nu, er der ikke fundet olie i Somalia, men man tror, at feltet under Adenbugten strækker sig ind under Somalia.
210807, SABCnews.com, Thami Dickson, African countries slam UN over Somalia war. De afrikanske lande i FNs Sikkerhedsråd klager over manglende handling, manglende penge til en indsats i Somalia. Man har besluttet at FN skal overtage den Afrikanske Unions indsats, som man så istedet bare forlænger. [Man glemmer de problemer, der knytter sig til FNtropper - men tro ikke at AUtropper er bedre !, OJ].
130508, medialens, SOMALIA - HIDDEN CATASTROPHE HIDDEN AGENDA. "Aden Hashi Ayro, al-Shabab's military commander, died when his home in the central town of Dusamareb was bombed. "A US military spokesman told the BBC that it had attacked what he called a known al-Qaeda target in Somalia. Likewise, the BBC takes for granted that the US is the world's policeman; no need to mention it by name. The action of bombing an impoverished Third World country already indicates the agent. This also helps explain why no mention was made of the illegality of this act of aggression. Political analyst James Petras commented: "Somalia... was invaded by mercenaries by Ethiopia, trained, financed, armed and directed by US military advisers." (Petras, 'The Imperial System: Hierarchy, Networks and Clients - The Case of Somalia,' Dissident Voice, February 18, 2007; http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Feb07/Petras18.htm) "The [Somalia] intervention is controversial in Ethiopia, where the Meles government has become increasingty repressive, said Chris Albin-Lackey, an African researcher at Human Rights Watch. ... "The ICU was a relatively honest administration, which ended warlord corruption and extortion. ... Martin Fletcher wrote in the Times of the ICU: "I am no apologist for the courts. Their leadership included extremists with dangerous intentions and connections. But for six months they achieved the near-impossible feat of restoring order to a country that appeared ungovernable...
160409, Online Journal - Thomas C. Mountain, Ethiopia / USA / Somali Pirates' Cover-Up.
Sudan
230406, Al Jazira. Ahmed Hussein, fra Justice and Equality Movement, en af de sudanske oprørgrupper afviser bin Laden 230406. I Sudan er det en muslimsk regering, der dræber andre muslimer.
060606, Globalresearch. "U.S. Role in Darfur, Sudan Oil reserves rivaling those of Saudi Arabia ?" USA støttede separatisterne i Sydsudan. Fordi USA ikke kan styre Sudans oliepolitik, prøver man at forhindre olieindustriens udvikling. Kina samarbejder med Sudan og leverer teknologi mod olie. USA træner SLA og JEM og forsøger samtidig at spille neutral mægler. Alle der strides i Darfur er (lige) sorte og muslimer !! Stridighederne er de traditionelle mellem bønder og hyrder og klanstridigheder, kraftigt forstærket af tørken og Saharas vækst. Sudan kunne udvikles med kunstvandig til et kornkammer. Mange børnedødsfal skyldes Clintons bombning af en farmaceutisk fabrik, som man påstod fremstillede VX giftgas. Der er 7000 soldater fra den Afrikanske Union i landet - det i sig selv skaber uro. IMFs lånepolitik (strukturtilpasning) betød en nedskæring af udgifterne til infrastruktur !
170906, Observer, Mary Riddell: "Have we the will to use force to save the people of Darfur ?" "The conflict never quite fitted the usual, simplistic portrayal of a feud between rebel and government, African and Arab, good and evil. Rebels also have blood on their hands, and Arabs and non-Arabs, all indigenous, black and African, fit no neat boxes."
170906, New Zealand Herald, "Bush hints at use of force in Darfur". Der lægges pres på den sudanske regering for at tillade 20000 FN soldater. Præsident Bashir betragter [rimeligt nok] FNtropper som vestlig indblanding.
200906, The Independent, "Bush blocks campaign to put pressure on Sudan over Darfur". "In fact, the prime targets of the legislation by the states are not American companies already banned from doing business with the govemment of Sudan but Chinese concerns helping the development of the country's oil industry, and various European companies including Siemens, Shell, and Finmeccanica of Italy."
200906, Simon Jenkins: "The inhumane folly of our interventionist machismo".
220906, Los Angeles Times: "Anti-Americanism Is Providing a Glue". "Bashir "has succeeded in inteifering with the U.N. deployment [fredsstyrke i Darfur] by depicting this as an old-fashioned 'us versus the United States'"
300906, Jonathan Steele: "It was meant to bring peace. Instead, British-brokered deal has rekindled war". Det handler om aftalen i maj mellem Sudan Liberation Army og regeringen. Indtil den aftale havde SLA beskyttet Darfurboerne. To af de tre oprørgrupper, der udgjorde SLA, står udenfor aftalen. [Det er ganske uoverskueligt, hvem der slås mod hvem og hvorfor. Men nogen blæser til gløderne af gamle stammestridigheder og strid mellem nomader og fastboende, OJ].
011006, ICH, David Morse: "Appeasement Driven by Oil; The Bush Administration and Darfur". [Morse er meget anti Bashir og beskriver nordsudanere som arabere overfor sydsudans sorte. Jeg har forstået, at de alle er sorte og at det mere handler om den traditionelle strid mellem bønder og nomader. Herudover er der en forskel i majoritets religion, som ikke rigtig kommer frem hos Morse (Nord, islamisk, Syd kristen og animistisk). Men Morse beskriver på udmærket vis oliens indflydelse og firmaerne sam- og modspil. På olieområdet ser Morse ikke, at USA og andre, der gerne vil have olien, puster til alle uenigheder, fordi et splittet land er lettere at plyndre. OJ] 190405 blev der fundet er ny olieforekomst i Darfur. Sudans hemmelige tjenestes chef har været til møde hos CIA i Langley.
131006, afrol News, Controversial US company wins US$ 700m Sudan contract. Louis Berger Group skal opdatere infrastrukturen i Sydsudan. Firmaet har allerede samlet megen kritik for tilsvarende opgaver i andre amerikanske protektorater, Iraq og Afghanistan. Opgaven betales i første omgang af de amerikanske skatteydere. Sydsudan er USAIDs største program i Afrika syd for Sahara på ialt 855m USD.
201006, counterpunch, William Blum: "Don't Look Back - Who Said Clinton Didn't Kill Anybody ?". USAs bombning af en medicinfabrik i Khartoum i 1998 var ikke en fejltagelse. Man vidste, at påstanden om, at den lavede kemiske våben var fejlagtig !!
oktober 2006 DanskRødeKors Hjælp Nr 10, Hans Beck Gregersen Darfur kan man ikke glemme. "Kort fortalt begyndte konflikten i Darfur for knap fire år siden, da etnisk afrikanske bønder gjorde oprør mod den arabiske regering i hovedstaden Khartoum. Regeringen slog hårdt ned på oprørsgrupperne Og allierede sig med etnisk arabiske nomader - de såkaldte janjaweed-militser - der udstyret med moderne våben har angrebet de etnisk afrikanske bønder. [Jeg troede de var sorte allesammen. Set fra min lænestol, er det det traditionelle fjendskab mellem nomader og bønder af samme race, men forskellig afstamning, der udnyttes af kræfter udefra - læs USA - til at skabe uro og pres for indsættelse af fremmede styrker. Så det bliver lettere at få tag på olien uden at skulle betale. Skam jer DRK for at være med i den røgsløring !!, OJ]
170107, Reuters AlertNet, Sudan says U.S. troops search Baghdad embassy. ""This violates all international norms and we expect an apology," sagde en talsmand for Sudans udenrigsministerium.
150207, ICH, Stephen Lendman, UN Peacekeeping Paramilitarism. "UNMIS in Sudan...The Sudanese government is justifiably reluctant for Blue Helmets to come knowing how they behave elsewhere. It also knows what fuels the conflict and what interests the US and West in the area. Like most everywhere, it's about valuable resources, and in Darfur it's mainly oil as it is in Somalia."
290507, Baltimore Times, Should U.S. intervention in Sudan be supported? A Closer Look. "Sudan originated as part of the Kushite kingdoms also known as Nubia and Meroë. Its origins date back to at least 1500 BC. The kingdoms were located in what is now northern Sudan along the Nile River....According to the UN Profile, present day Sudan located in Northern Africa is the largest African country. Its population numbers 33 million people. Blacks make up 52 percent, Arabs 52 percent, Beja six percent, foreigners two percent and one percent is identified as others. [her bliver rigeligt med procenter - så nogen må være både og] Religion wise, Sunni Muslims compose 70 percent, indigenous beliefs 25 percent, and Christians five percent mostly in the south and Khartoum...Britain pushed south, north and west Sudanese population differences.... In the 1920s northern Sudanese were prohibited in the south... The people of the south resented northern Sudanese taking the place of British officials, the imposing of Arabic as a national language [efter kolonitiden]....The northern - southern region conflict lasted from 1955 through 1972 until a negotiated accord took place...Sudan received its independence on January 1,1956....Ten years after 1972, the conflict resurfaced in 1983 and continued for 20 years. A peace agreement was reached only in 2003. Created was a government of national unity. The agreement said that the people in southern Sudan would in due course vote whether the people would remain in the unity government or establish an autonomous region in the south....It was after the pact between Khartoum and the SPLA was reached that the conflict in the Darfur region erupted. Darfur is a remote region located in western Sudan. According to UN reports, 2003 marked the year when black Africans from the Darfur region rebelled against the national government....The Sudan Liberation Army/Movement, SLA/M, and the Justice and Equality Movement, JEM are the primary rebel groups....The U.S. involvement in Africa over the last 40 or so years is quite revealing."
020807, Spiked, Darfur: colonised by 'peacekeepers'. The new 26,000-strong UN force being sent to the war-torn western province stir up further tensions rather than deliver peace. [Når man sender en ny styrke til Darfur og ikke nøjes med at udvide den styrke, der allerede er der, ser jeg det som første trin i retning af at udskille Darfur som en "selvstændig" lille olierig stat, OJ].
august 2007, Al Jazira, "The civil war that has engulfed Darfur in western Sudan has drawn in many young men who say they are fighting for the rights of the region's predominantly black African population against the Khartoum government. At the foot of the Jebel Marra - a mountain range in the heart of Darfur - the rebels have established what they call a "liberated zone". ...Most of the rebel fighters were farmers before the war but now their families are living off handouts in camps for the displaced, fuelling their anger against the government. "We started this struggle for the sake of freedom. Since independence we've had no freedom. We are riding donkeys and they are riding in cars," a fighter told his comrades. The Fur - the ethnic group that make up a large part of the region's population - used to name themselves after Arab heroes like Gamal Abdel Nasser, the popular Egyptian president that forced Britain, France and Israel into an embarassing withdrawal from the Suez canal. Now they are choosing new names, like George Bush, after the US president who described the violence in Darfur as "genocide", and Colin Powell, who was the first US secretary of State to visit the region."
Sydafrika
Den bedste dansk-sprogede beskrivelse af landet får du i Petersen, Jørgen E.: Det nye Sydafrika. Jørgen E. Petersen nævner også den sydafrikanske atombombe (1973). Bogen gennemgår den aktuelle politiske situation (1993), yderst kortfattet Sydafrikas historie, Zuluerne og kap. 3 er en turistguide, som også i dag (2007) giver nyttig information - den holder, selvfølgelig bortset fra priser - i hvert fald, da jeg var der sidst i 2002. Sydafrika havde under apartheid "fire såkaldt selvstændige hjemlande:
Bophuthatswana, ca. 2 millioner indb. på 44.000 Km2
Ciskei med ca. 1 million indb. på ca. 7.700 Km2
Transkei med godt 3 millioner indb. på ca. 43.600 Km2
Venda med ca. 600.000 indb. på ca. 7.100 Km2
og 6 selstyrende reservater
Gazankulu, ca. 700.000 indb. på ca. 6.500 Km2
KaNgwana, ca. 600.000 indb. på ca. 3.800 Km2
KwaNdebele, ca. 500.000 indb. rå ca. 4.000 Km2
Kwa-Zulu, ca. 5 millioner indb. på ca. 33.000 Km2
Lebowa, ca. 2,7 millioner indb. på ca. 21.800 Km2
QwaQwa, ca. 300.000 indb. på ca. 700 Km2
Jørgen E.s 5. kapitel hedder: Zuluerne - Sydafrikas nøglestamme og behandler bl.a. slaget ved Isandlwana,1879, hvor zulukongen, Cetshwayo, tilføjede englænderne deres største nederlag i 1800-tallet.
Det sydafrikanske statslige firma, SASOL, er verdens førende med hensyn til at omdanne kul til benzin, olie og gas. Selskabet raffinerer også importeret olie og beskæftiger 33.000 mennesker. Det er involveret i olieboringer i Det indiske Ocean.
Det er CIA, der hjælper Aparheid-styret med at fange Nelson Mandela i 1962. (Ganser, Daniele: NATO'S SECRET ARMIES., p. 32).
200405. Det sydafrikanske politi kan virkelig lære vort politi noget. Jeg skrev til <crimestopgauteng@saps.org.za> med kopi af et Nigeriabrev fra en Sydafrikansk borger. Jeg modtager en kvittering, en beskrivelse af Nigeriabrev-forbrydelsen, en meningstilkendegivelse om, at Commander for afdelingen også syntes, at de, der lod sig lokke ind i en Nigeriabrevsaffære, var strafværdige - Et synspunkt jeg fuldstændig kan tilslutte mig - en tak for henvendelsen. Præcis så venligt, korrekt og effektivt, som jeg mindes deres optræden efter et lille røveri i Pretoria. Helt på højde med politistationen i Vordingborg og mange grader over Station 1 i København.
Septembre 2006, Monde Diplomatique, p. 10. Johann Rossouw: "Pretoria au prises avec la crise sociale". Om ANC, der under Thabo Mbeki er skiftet til at være den sorte middelklasses parti og ikke længere de fattiges og arbejdernes parti.
270906, BBC, S Africa is losing its way - Tutu. Det handler om Desmond Tutus Steve Biko memorial lecture på Universitetet i Cape Town. Han stiller spørgsmålstegn ved respekten for loven, miljøet og endda livet (de mange mord). Han siger: Rettigheder går hånd i hånd med ansvar, med værdighed, med selvrespekt og med respekt for andre. Og det er et problem at regeringens embedsmænd har overtaget adfærd fra apartheid styret, de er overlegne over for folk. "He also made a plea for people to pick up litter, to care for their own environments and for their fellow citizens."
Harris/William Hance, mener ikke af de sydafrikanske guldminer ville blive udnyttet uden den billige arbejdskraft, der er villig til at affide sig med frygtelige arbejdsvilkår.
150207, ICH, Stephen Lendman, UN Peacekeeping Paramilitarism. " The UN did nothing during South Africa's border wars and invasion of Namibia in the 1960s and 70s"
Togo
050205 kup i Togo, Faure Gnassingbé, Monde Diplomatique, mars 2005, p. 9.
Uganda
310806, The Economist, An end in sight ? Der er indgået en våbenstilstand mellem regeringen og The Lord's Resistance Army. LRA skal inden 120906 have bragt alle sine styrker til 2 lejre i Sydsudan. Den sudanske regering har standset sin støtte til oprørerne.
160906, - Channel 4 Documentary - Runtime 100 Minutes. The Doomsday Code. Om dem der tror på åbenbaringernes bog, som en forudsigelse om ting, der vil ske (nu !). Hele halløjet er også en god forretning. Tim LaHaye's Christian fiction series: "Left Behind", har solgt 63 millioner bøger. Og der sælges overlevelsespakker til de stakkels syndere, der ikke bliver løftet op på skyen. Ugandas præsident Museveni er med i den bevægelse.
Monde Diplomatique, Avril 2007, p. 13. Flygtninge i Nord-Uganda vil hellere have fred end retfærdighed. Derfor afviser de ICCs indblanding. Krigen mellem regeringen og først Holy Spirit Movement (ledet af Alice Lakwena; kristen fundamentalist) siden Lord's Resistance Army (ledet af Joseph Kony) har varet i over 20 år. Striden har rod tilbage i kolonitiden, hvor briterne spille Acholi ud mod Banyakolés. Præsident Museweni er Banyakolés og de 2 oprørsledere er Acholi. Som sagen står nu er det LRAfolk ICC har sat under anklage.
010607, The Telegraph, Israeli agents 'helped Entebbe hijackers'. It [this claim] came via David Colvin, the first secretary at the British embassy in Paris, according to a newly released National Archives file. He heard it from a contact in the Euro-Arab Parliamentary Association three days after the Air France flight from Tel Aviv to Paris was seized in mid-air by Palestinians and German terrorists on June 27,1976. Mr Colvin told his superiors that his source suggested that the attack was carried out by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine with help from the Israeli Security Service, the Shin Bet...Frank Wheeler, the first secretary, reported that there was abundant evidence of Ugandan collaboration with the hijackers. Palestinians had been brought from Mogadishu in President Amin's private jet to join the hijackers, according to the file"
Vestsahara
120507, Skånskan, Nätverket för ett fritt Västsaharas Malmögrupp: Sverige sponsrar brott mot folkrätten. "Det är inte rimligt att svenska skattemedel går som EU-bistånd till Marocko, som illegalt ockuperar sitt grannland Västsaharai sedan 32 år och håller invånarna där under förtryck. Västsahara ärAltrikas sista koloni enligt FN, som förklarat kolonialismen som ett hot mot världsfreden."
Zimbawbe
030405, Chicago Tribune. "Mugabe claims win, says vote was clean". Mugabe vandt valget. 78 mandater i parlamentet på 150. MDC fik 41. Sydafrikas observatører har anerkendt valget. USA og EU observatører var udelukket.
210307, Politics.ie:: US signals support for palace coup to remove Mugabe. "The US Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Christopher Dell has effectively signalled US support for a palace coup to remove Robert Mugabe as President of Zimbabwe." [Det er da besynderligt, at vi tillader USA at bytte præsidenter rundt omkring i andre lande ! OJ]
310907, The Herald, Harare, Reason Wafawarova, U.S. Obsessed With Using Force. USAs udenrigspolitik, set fra Zimbabwe. Manden bærer ikke sit fornavn forgæves. "SINCE the United States assumed global leadership from Britain at the end of the Second World War; when it emerged as the biggest beneficiary of the war, a development that saw it declare the era of "the American century", Washington has been obsessed with using force to thwart small [!!] countries....When Ronald Reagan was asked to justify his administration's trade embargo against Nicaragua in 1985 he said, "the policies and actions of Nicaragua constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States. [Bush siger i dag det samme om Libanon. Min tolkning er, at det er en lovtekst, der giver præsidenten ret til at starte kampen - men Wafawarova's påpegning af, at det går ud over grinagtigt små lande forklares jo ikke af det]. Does this quotation ring a bell to Zimbabweans? It should, given that both Condoleeza Rice and George W. Bush have almost repeated it verbatim in their attempt to justify the so-called Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (2001), a sanctions law that bars multilateral lending institutions, with dealings with the US, from extending lines of credit to Zimbabwe....Today, many outside the US still wonder how a largely peasant nation of 13 million people, Zimbabwe, can possibly constitute "an unusual and extraordinary threat" to the foreign policy of the US....This is precisely because the US and much of the western world; has some of the most indoctrinated and brainwashed people of this world as Noam Chomsky rightly pointed out in the book, Latin America: From Colonisation to Globalisation, 1999. In 1982, the Reagan administration, through the US Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff went on air to tell the American public that Grenada was a military threat to the US. The mere fact that this was pronounced indicates the power of indoctrination and brainwashing contained in the two most powerful agents of imperialism, namely, western politicians and their mass media. The fact that the American public could hear their chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff publicly utter this ludicrous statement without exploding into raucous laughter, was yet another indication of the degree of indoctrination. This "extraordinary" military threat led to the invasion of Grenada in 1983 and 6 000 American elite troops descended on 40 Cubans and a couple of hundred Grenadine military men, earning themselves a total 8 000 medals for the "valour" that led to this enormous victory...The fundamental principles of American foreign policy and indeed that of all imperialist countries are to ensure what Kennan once called "the protection of our raw materials." One would think that he was referring to raw materials found within the United States but he was actually referring to the raw materials of Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and Asia...The real threats against whom the Americans want to protect "their" resources are indeed the indigenous people who are the bona fide owners of those raw materials. Some of these indigenous people have made the "mistake" of embarking on policies aimed at making indigenous populations use and benefit from their resources.... The significance is derived from the fact that by embarking on social policies that are welfare based, these small countries may succeed in empowering their own populations and if this leads to successful economic and social development, it may constitute a model for others, thereby having an undesired domino effect...rhis is precisely why the US wants land reform in Zimbabwe to fail...In Angola, the US sponsored Jonas Savimbi's Unita rebels for more than 20 years. In Congo, they organised the overthrow and murder of Patrice Lunfiumba before installing a ruthless dictatorial regime led by Mobutu Sese Seko. In Ghana, they sponsored and organised the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah while in Mozambique they sponsored and trained the murderous Renamo of Afonso Dhlakama." Wafawarova understreger også MDCs alliance med USA og Vesten.
080109, Inter Press Service News Agency David Cronin DEVELOPMENT: Africa May Face 'Centuries' of Poverty
Orla Jordal, 2004
Må genbruges og citeres - med kildehenvisning !!!
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